Employee resilience isn’t a cure-all for all adversity that managers thinks it is

The combination of supply chain issues, rising inflation and labour challenges has had wide-ranging impacts on businesses. In order to deal with these obstacles, many organisations have turned to employee resilience to the weather the storm. Studies have found that managers respond to business turbulence by emphasising employee resilience in the workplace. Employee resilience is an individual's ability to adapt to and cope with stressors and challenges in the workplace. The better an individual is at bouncing back from adversity, the more resilient they are. Employee resilience can be cultivated in two ways. First, businesses can recruit for resilience by asking potential employees questions about overcoming obstacles in the interview process. Second, resilience is a skill that can be shaped through resilience development programs at work. While employee resilience seems appealing - especially in such uncertain and unpredictable times - it isn't a cure-all for adversity. Rather than being beneficial, the overuse of employee resilience can actually jeopardise an organisation's effectiveness. My research on employee resilience in the wake of the pandemic reveals three serious issues that organisations need to be aware of when it comes to resilience.

The hurdle of discordance

The first issue is what I have called the hurdle of discordance. This occurs when employee resilience is presented as a substitute for other important workplace-related outcomes, like well-being. While employee resilience can help individuals cope with stress and adversity, it cannot heal well-being issues on its own. Organisations need to ensure resilience isn't used as a substitute for other types of support by offering employee resilience programmes separately from employee well-being interventions. Employers play an essential role in supporting employee well-being. They should foster employee decision-making, provide social support at work, make sure employees' voices are heard and listened to, provide well-being resources and offer health management programme. There is another benefit to doing this: by prioritising employee well-being, organisations could also end up cultivating employee resilience as a side-effect. Research has found that introducing well-being interventions can actually improve employee resilience.

The hurdle of incompatibility

Employee resilience has recently become a must-have employee characteristic in our current era of volatility and rapid change. But there is a dissonance between how organisations expect their employees to react to adversity and how employees actually react to adversity. This is what I have called the hurdle of incompatibility. In a post-pandemic world, it's normal for employers to want employees to demonstrate a certain level of resilience at work. The issue arises when there is a gap between expectations and reality. Individuals react differently to stressful situations in the workplace. Some employees become fearless and unemotional, while others become volatile and unstable. Organisations are often not prepared to help employees that don't react predictably to adversity. When this happens, employee turnover and incidences of burnout increase and negatively affect the employee-organisation relationship. To mitigate this, organisations need to be prepared to meet employees where they're at.

The hurdle of glut

The last hurdle - known as the hurdle of glut - cautions organisations against over-relying on employee resilience. Too much of a good thing can have negative consequences, as one study about management processes demonstrated. The study found that too much conscientiousness - another desirable trait at work - is negatively related to job performance. The same study also found that too much job enrichment (a source of employee motivation) was negatively related to psychological outcomes, like decreased motivation and increased emotional exhaustion. Moderation and balance are crucial for ensuring that useful job traits, like resilience, aren't used to the point of detriment. When resilience is overused, it can lead to what organisational psychology experts Tomas Chamorro-Premuzik and Derek Lusk call the dark side of employee resilience. An organisation that relies excessively on resilience for daily operations wastes valuable resources that should be reserved for actual threats. Organisations that spend too much time and energy adapting to challenges that don't really exist can lead to a decline in an organisations capacity to maintain crucial operations.

Best practices in employee resilience

For resilience to be effective, it must be used intelligently. Managers must separate themselves from the discourse around resilience and offer more practical solutions to tackle organisational difficulties. If employers do want to cultivate resilience in their employees, they need to realise that it's a learned skill and, like any skill, it must be taught. It's contradictory for organisations to demand resilience from their employees without teaching it or creating an environment that cultivates resilience.

Best practices in employee resilience require organisations to play an active role in the resilience process. Organisations must not only encourage, but also help employees withstand hardship and bounce back from adversity. As argued by Liz Fosslien and Mollie West Duffy, who have written extensively about managing emotions at work, using one-on-one meetings, ensuring employees feel emotionally supported and taking the time to reflect on successes with your team are best practices for preparing employees to meet challenges head-on.

Another way organisations can build resilience in their employees is by helping them effectively manage stress and anxiety. Encouraging employees to get regular physical exercise, and teaching them relaxation techniques and effective coping mechanisms are all effective ways to decrease stress and build long-term resilience.

(The author is Associate Professor in HRM at ESSCA School of Management)